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Sulphate complexes of YREE as a key to understanding unconformity-related HREE deposits

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Created 13/01/2025

Updated 13/01/2025

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Heavy rare earth elements are essential in renewable energy and high-tech products. Some natural rare earth element (REE) deposits exhibit heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment from < 10% to ~85% of the REE budget (Williams-Jones et al., 2015).

Controls on REE fractionation in hydrothermal systems are imposed by (1) changes in the relative stability of REE aqueous complexes with temperature (Migdisov et al., 2016) and (2) incorporation or rejection of REE by crystalline structures. Also, the REEs are invariably found as solid solutions but not as pure minerals. REE and yttrium (Y) sulphate complexes are some of the most stable REE and Y aqueous species in hydrothermal fluids (Migdisov and William-Jones, 2008, 2016; Guan et al., 2022) and may be responsible for REE transport and deposition in sediment-hosted deposits. Within the unconformity-related deposits, REEs are hosted mostly by xenotime ((Y,Dy,Er,Tb,Yb)PO4) and minor florencite ((La,Ce)Al3(PO4)2(OH)6) (Nazari-Dehkordi et al., 2019). Modelling the stability of xenotime in the H-O-Cl-(±F)-S-P aqueous system is critical for understanding HREE enrichment in this mineral system.

We use a newly derived thermodynamic dataset depos for REESO4+ and REE(SO4)2‑ aqueous complexes to generate stability diagrams illustrating mechanisms of REE transport and deposition in the above deposits. Sulphate REE complexes may dominate even in chloride-rich brines and facilitate REE mobilization in acid oxidizing environments. Previously Nazari-Dehkordi et al. (2019) proposed an ore genesis model involving the mixing of discrete hydrothermal fluids that separately carried REE + yttrium and phosphorus. The speciation model that includes sulphate complexes expands this scenario; a process resulting in fluid neutralization or reduction will also promote precipitation of xenotime enriched in HREEs. 

This Abstract was submitted/presented to the 2022 Specialist Group in Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology (SGGMP) Conference 7-11 November (https://gsasggmp.wixsite.com/home/biennial-conference-2021)

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Title Sulphate complexes of YREE as a key to understanding unconformity-related HREE deposits
Language eng
Licence notspecified
Landing Page https://devweb.dga.links.com.au/data/dataset/ea5182e5-b86f-4016-ab87-bf498ad356ab
Contact Point
Geoscience Australia
clientservices@ga.gov.au
Reference Period 20/02/2023
Geospatial Coverage {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[112.92, -54.75], [159.11, -54.75], [159.11, -9.2402], [112.92, -9.2402], [112.92, -54.75]]]}
Data Portal data.gov.au

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This dataset was originally found on data.gov.au "Sulphate complexes of YREE as a key to understanding unconformity-related HREE deposits". Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset:
https://devweb.dga.links.com.au/data/dataset/sulphate-complexes-of-yree-as-a-key-to-understanding-unconformity-related-hree-deposits

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